NAVIGATING CHALLENGES IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN: CURRICULUM, RESEARCH, AND FACULTY ISSUES

Abstract

The host of problems confronting higher education in Pakistan have hindered its growth and contribution to national development. Some of the most critical issues, such as financial constraints, administrative inefficiencies, parent-student conflicts, social problems, curriculum design flaws, and research inadequacies, have been examined. Besides, this study highlights some specific problems relating to women in higher education and the gap between academia and industry. The paper examines the promotion policies of faculty members within the TTS and BPS to see whether these influence the performance of faculties and job satisfaction. Qualitative methods were used in finding systemic barriers toward academic excellence while providing an integrated analysis of the socio-administrative landscape of Pakistan's higher education institutions. Financial problems, such as adverse funding and budgetary limitations, do not add to research and development activities. Administrative problems, such as lack of transparency and poor governance, compound problems related to institutional performance. Problems related to curriculums, inadequate new teaching methods, and adverse collaborations with industry reduce the employability of graduates. Problems unique to women in higher education are reflected in issues related to gender discrimination, cultural restrictions, and lack of support systems. Further, it also suggests a greater need for stronger academia-industry linkages that bridge the gap between the two for greater innovation. Concluded by the principles of Human Capital Theory and Institutional Theory, this research recommends a number of policy decisions aimed at mitigating such issues and helping develop an outstanding system of higher education that is both more inclusive and dynamic for Pakistan.