ناول ’’ٹیڑھی لکیر ‘‘میں شخصیت نگاری اور نفسیاتی پہلو

Characterization and Psychological Aspects in the Novel ‘‘Terhi Lakeer’’

Abstract

Ismat Chughtai’s novel ‘‘Terhi Lakeer’’ is an outstanding example of character portrayal and psychological study. Its central character, Shamman (Shamshad), is a woman whose entire life revolves around deprivations, inner conflicts, and failed loves. Deprived of maternal affection in childhood, separated from Ana, and neglected by her sisters, she develops a deep sense of inferiority and rebellion. These deprivations shape her psychological makeup. Acts like breaking dolls and tearing books symbolize her loneliness and suppressed anger. A major aspect of her life is her sexual and emotional confusions. Rasool Fatima’s unusual attachment and her attraction toward Najma highlight her inner contradictions, reflecting the silence and repression around sexuality in the Muslim middle class of that era.Her greatest tragedy lies in repeated failures in love. Rashid’s brief companionship gives her hope, but his departure shatters it. Thus, her life becomes a symbol of inner conflict, defeat, and existential pain. Secondary characters such as Ana, Manjhu, Bari Apa, Noori, Rasool Fatima, Najma, Saadat, and Rashid not only influence Shamman’s personality but also reflect social attitudes and class structures. Ultimately, the novel mirrors not just an individual’s struggles but the psychological and social complexities of an entire era.