اردو زبان کے ارتقاء میں معاشرے کا کردار

Abstract

The evolution of the Urdu language is deeply intertwined with the cultural, political, and social dynamics of the Indian subcontinent. Society has played a pivotal role in shaping Urdu through the influence of various communities, historical events, and cultural exchanges. From its emergence in the military camps of Delhi and Deccan as a linguistic fusion of Persian, Arabic, Turkish, and local dialects, Urdu grew under the patronage of Mughal courts, Sufi traditions, and literary circles. The language evolved further with the impact of colonial rule, nationalist movements, and post-independence societal changes. This research highlights how different strata of society — including poets, religious scholars, reformers, educators, and common people — contributed to the development and spread of Urdu as a medium of communication, literature, and identity. Drawing upon works by scholars such as Gopi Chand Narang, Masud Husain Khan, and Hafiz Mehmood Shirani, the paper examines how socio-cultural forces, rather than mere linguistic changes, played a central role in the evolution of Urdu