توہم پرستی اور ضعیف الاعتقادی تحقیقی و تنقیدی مطالعہ

Abstract

Superstition and irrational beliefs have persisted across cultures and generations, often rooted in fear, ignorance, or a desire to control the unknown. These beliefs include practices or assumptions not based on scientific reasoning or empirical evidence, yet they influence individual and collective behavior significantly. From avoiding black cats and walking under ladders to trusting in lucky charms or fearing eclipses, superstitions reflect how deeply psychological and cultural traditions shape human thinking. In many societies, these beliefs can hinder progress, promote anxiety, and sometimes lead to harmful practices. This abstract explores the nature, causes, and consequences of superstitions and irrational thinking, emphasizing the need for critical thinking and education to overcome such deeply embedded social phenomena