VOICES FROM THE GROUND: EXPLORING LOCAL PERSPECTIVES ON PAKISTAN’S MINERAL EXTRACTION AND TRADE UNDER THE CHINA-PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR (CPEC)

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of mineral extraction and trade under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) on local communities in Pakistan, focusing on socio-economic, environmental, and political consequences. Through a qualitative research approach, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with local residents, community leaders, and stakeholders in mineral-rich regions such as Balochistan, Gilgit-Baltistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The findings reveal that mineral extraction projects under CPEC lead to displacement, economic exclusion, and environmental degradation, with communities often marginalized from decision-making processes. However, the research also highlights significant resilience and community resistance, as affected populations engage in various forms of activism and adaptation to cope with the challenges. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers and developers, emphasizing the importance of community engagement and sustainable development practices in future projects under CPEC, to ensure that local communities benefit equitably from large-scale infrastructure initiatives.