THE POLICIES OF AZAD JAMU AND KASHMIR ON AGRICULTURE, EXPORTS,AND INDUSTRY

Abstract

This article highlights the advantages and disadvantages of Azad Jammu and Kashmir's (AJK) policies for industrial development, exports, and agriculture.  The agricultural industry in AJK is severely limited by its steep topography, soil erosion, land fragmentation, and insufficient irrigation infrastructure, with only 13% of the 13,297 km² total land area suitable for cultivation.  Notwithstanding these drawbacks, the area has a robust cattle base and a variety of agroclimatic zones that sustain a range of crops, including maize, wheat, fruits, and vegetables.  Along with examining value-added agri-exports, including honey, walnuts, and medicinal plants, the study identifies the certification and logistical obstacles that prevent worldwide market penetration.  Additionally, AJK's industrial framework, which is based on SMEs and industrial parks in Mirpur, Kotli, and Hattian Bala, exhibits growth potential but is nevertheless constrained by a lack of energy, inadequate digital connectivity, and limited financing options.  Agricultural productivity and industrial competitiveness have increased thanks to government programs, including model farms, subsidies, SME lending programs, and the updated 2020 Industrial Policy; yet, structural issues still exist.  The study emphasizes how CPEC and chances for cross-border trade might improve connectivity and exports.  In the end, AJK can become a resilient regional economy through integrated planning in agriculture, industry, and exports, aided by infrastructure improvements, investment incentives, and human capital development.