اسلام میں تجارت کے مشروع اَسالیب (مشارکہ و مضاربہ کا اِختصاصی مطالعہ)

LAWFUL WAYS OF TRADING IN ISLAM: SPECIAL STUDY OF MUSHARAKA AND MUDARABAH

Abstract

Musharakah and Mudarabah are very profitable and useful methods of trade in Islam. Musharakah means an agreement between several persons that they will do business together and share the profits in fixed proportions while the losses will be shared in proportion to the capital. It was practiced in Arabian Peninsula even before the prophethood and the Holy Prophet (PBUH) allowed it to continue. Trading musharkah increases investment, promotes mutual aid and stabilizes the economy. Musharakah not only removes unemployment but also eliminates interest based business. Capital must be defined, known, mixed and cashed for the validity of a commercial partnership. Another legitimate way of trading is Mudarabah. Mudarabat is a profit-sharing agreement in which the capital belongs to one man and the labor and work belong to another man. During the Prophet's era, most of the trade was done on the basis of Mudarabah. In commercial mudarabah, the person who invests capital is called rab al-mal, the worker is called mudarib, and the capital that is invested is called ras al-mal. For the legitimacy of commercial Mudaraba, it is necessary that the capital is determined and available in the form of cash, which is immediately entrusted to the Mudarib. This agreement should be in writing and the Mudarib's share of the expected profit should be fixed in the beginning in terms of proportion. This type of business combines the savings of different people to use them in industry and commerce.