THE INTERPLAY OF GLOBALIZATION, DEMOCRACY AND CHILD HEALTH: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN

Abstract

This study examines the impact of globalization and democracy on child health in Pakistan analyzing how the economic, political and social changes shape health outcomes of children. By using different combination of empirical data and policy analysis this research explores the role of trade openness, foreign investment, and the democratic institutions in improving child health indicators such as infant mortality, malnutrition and access to healthcare. Findings suggest that while globalization fosters economic growth and technological advancements its benefits are not evenly distributed often worsen health inequalities. Similarly the democracy increases policy responsiveness and healthcare investments. yet its effectiveness depends on institutional strength and governance capacity. The study highlights the need for inclusive policies that balance economic liberalization with social protections to ensure equitable health outcomes. Recommendations include strengthening democratic accountability, improving healthcare infrastructure and implementing targeted interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of globalization on vulnerable populations.