اسلامی ریاست میں مذہبی آزادی کا تصور سیرت نبوی کی روشنی میں

The Concept of Religious Freedom in an Islamic State in the Light of the Prophetic Biography (Seerah)

Abstract

This study explores the concept of religious freedom in an Islamic state through the lens of the Seerah (biography) of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Contrary to common misconceptions, the Prophetic model provides a rich foundation for tolerance, coexistence, and the protection of minority rights. By analyzing key events from the Prophet’s life—such as the Constitution of Medina, his interactions with non-Muslim communities, and his policies towards religious minorities—this research highlights how the early Islamic state recognized and safeguarded religious pluralism. The paper argues that the Seerah offers a timeless ethical framework that emphasizes justice, mutual respect, and freedom of belief, laying a model for modern Islamic governance in multicultural societies. This work contributes to contemporary discourse on human rights and religious freedom by grounding it in classical Islamic sources and the lived example of the Prophet.