ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICAL THOUGHT:PHILOSOPHICAL AND CIVILIZATIONAL PERSPECTIVES FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing human life, shaping social, economic, educational, healthcare, and governance systems. While offering unprecedented opportunities for innovation, efficiency, and problem-solving, AI also poses significant ethical, philosophical, and civilizational challenges. Its deployment raises critical questions regarding accountability, justice, human dignity, and moral agency. Without an ethical framework, AI can exacerbate social inequalities, threaten privacy, or undermine human and societal values.

This study explores AI from an Islamic ethical perspective, integrating Qur’anic guidance, Prophetic teachings, and classical philosophical thought with contemporary ethical discourse. It emphasizes the principles of accountability (Taklīf), justice (Adl), preservation of human dignity (Karāmah), avoidance of harm (Ḍarar), and the ethical use of knowledge (ʿIlm wa Hikmah). Furthermore, the research analyzes AI’s civilizational impact, social implications, and potential for both human benefit and harm. The study concludes that embedding ethical and moral frameworks in AI development is essential for harmonizing technological advancement with cultural, spiritual, and social responsibilities in the 21st century.