فقہ اسلامی کے ثانوی مآخذ: تحقیقی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Secondary Sources of Islamic Jurisprudence: A Research and Analytical Study

Abstract

This paper presents a research-based and analytical study of the secondary sources of Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh). While the Qur’an and the Sunnah constitute the primary foundations of Islamic law, jurists have developed and employed a range of secondary principles to address emerging issues and practical legal needs. This study examines key secondary sources including Ijma‘ (consensus), Qiyas (analogical reasoning), the statements and practices of the Companions, Istihsan (juristic preference), Istidlal (inference), previous revealed laws, Istishab (presumption of continuity), ‘Urf (custom), and Sadd al-Dhara’i‘ (blocking the means). Each source is discussed with reference to its conceptual definition, legal authority, textual basis, and juristic application. The analysis demonstrates that these secondary sources provide flexibility, adaptability, and contextual relevance to Islamic law, ensuring its continued applicability across changing social and legal circumstances. These principles not only facilitate legal reasoning but also reinforce the comprehensiveness and practicality of the Shariah.