A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CIVIL LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN PAKISTAN: EVOLUTION, STRUCTURE, AND PROCEDURAL DYNAMICS

Abstract

The civil legal framework of Pakistan represents a complex synthesis of colonial legal heritage, constitutional principles, statutory enactments, and judicial interpretation. Rooted primarily in British common law traditions, Pakistan’s civil justice system has evolved through post-independence constitutional developments and indigenous legislative reforms. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolution, structure, and procedural dynamics of civil law in Pakistan. It examines the historical foundations of civil legislation, the principal statutory instruments governing civil rights and obligations, and the procedural mechanisms that regulate civil litigation. The study further explores the role of judicial precedents, evidentiary standards, and post-judgment remedies, while critically assessing contemporary challenges such as judicial backlog and access to justice. The article concludes by highlighting ongoing reform initiatives, including the integration of alternate dispute resolution mechanisms, and emphasizes the need for systemic modernization to enhance efficiency, fairness, and public confidence in the civil justice system.