PSYCHOLOGICAL MARGINALIZATION AND TRANSGENDER SUBJECTIVITY IN ARUNDHATI ROY’S THE MINISTRY OF UTMOST HAPPINESS

Abstract

This research investigates the psychological struggles faced by transgender individuals as depicted in Arundhati Roy’s novel The Ministry of Utmost Happiness. At the heart of the story is Anjum, a transgender woman whose life journey unveils the emotional turmoil and psychological battles resulting from systemic oppression, societal alienation, and identity challenges. The study focuses on the mental health impact of trauma, marginalization, and gender dysphoria on Anjum, linking her literary representation to the lived experiences of transgender communities. Drawing on Cathy Caruth’s “trauma theory,” the analysis explores how encounters with violence and exclusion lead to conditions like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Tajfel and Turner’s “social identity theory” is employed to delve into the consequences of exclusion on Anjum’s self-esteem and mental state, while Judith Butler’s “gender performativity” framework examines how Anjum navigates her gender identity within restrictive societal norms. Furthermore, the study highlights coping mechanisms adopted by transgender individuals, such as embracing self-acceptance, building support networks, and fostering resilience. By combining psychological insights with literary analysis, this research underscores the importance of inclusive narratives in literature to shed light on gender and identity, foster empathy, challenge societal prejudices, and advocate for the mental well-being of transgender individuals.