PERCEPTIONS OF SKILLED LABOUR ATTRIBUTES INFLUENCING CONSTRUCTION DELAYS IN EMERGING ECONOMIES: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN

Abstract

Delays in construction projects are a persistent issue in Pakistan’s construction industry and significantly affect project cost, quality, and overall performance. Among the various factors contributing to these delays, skilled labour attributes play a crucial role, as construction activities largely depend on the efficiency, competence, and coordination of skilled workers. This study aims to examine the perceptions of construction professionals regarding the impact of skilled labour attributes on delays in construction projects in Pakistan. The key labour attributes examined in this study include technical skills, work experience, communication skills, work ethics, teamwork, adaptability, and safety awareness. A quantitative research approach was adopted to achieve the objectives of the study. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to contractors, consultants, site engineers, and project managers involved in building and infrastructure projects across major cities of Pakistan. Descriptive statistical analysis was employed to evaluate the relative importance of different skilled labour attributes in contributing to construction delays. The findings indicate that inadequate technical skills and insufficient experience among skilled workers are perceived as the most critical factors leading to project delays. Poor communication between skilled labour and site management, along with weak work ethics such as absenteeism and lack of commitment, were also identified as major contributors to schedule overruns. Furthermore, limited safety awareness and low adaptability to changing site conditions were found to indirectly influence delays by increasing the likelihood of accidents, rework, and work stoppages. The study concludes that enhancing skilled labour attributes through structured training programs, improved supervision, and effective labour management practices can significantly reduce delays in construction projects. The results provide valuable insights for construction organizations and policymakers aiming to improve project delivery and minimize delays in Pakistan’s construction sector.