قدیم تہذیبوں میں عور ت کی محکومی اور اسلام کا تصورِ مساوات : ایک تقابلی جائزہ

Abstract

This research article presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of the status of women across ancient civilizations and the revolutionary changes introduced by Islam. Historically, women have occupied a paradoxical position in society, often swinging between deification and extreme marginalization. By examining the linguistic roots and philosophical underpinnings of the term "Aurat," this study explores how ancient Greek thought branded women as a "necessary evil," while Roman and Iranian legal systems treated them as "movable property." Furthermore, it delves into the theological burdens imposed by Judaism and Christianity through the concept of "Original Sin" and the oppressive socio-religious laws found in ancient Indian traditions, such as Sati and the Manu Smriti. In stark contrast, the article highlights the paradigm shift brought about by the advent of Islam in the 7th century. Islam replaced gender-based subjugation with the concept of "creative unity" and "human dignity," establishing women as independent legal, economic, and social entities. Through an analysis of Quranic verses and the Prophetic (ﷺ) reforms, the study demonstrates how Islam secured fundamental rights—including inheritance, education, and marital consent—centuries before modern feminist movements. The article concludes that while ancient civilizations viewed women through the lens of utility or inherent flaw, Islam restored their status as complete human beings, providing a timeless framework for gender equality and social justice.