A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EDUCATIONAL EXPENDITURE GROWTH IN PAKISTAN: EVIDENCE FROM PSLM 2007-08 AND 2018-19

Abstract

                        The current study conducted in Pakistan to compare the percentage growth in educational expenditures using two round of Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey and Household Integrated Economic survey (PSLM/HIES) 2007-08 and 2018-19. The Mean Comparison Analysis (MCA) is done to estimate and compare the mean educational expenditures based on provincial level, regional level and gender of both data sets. The results of MCA shows that mean educational expenditures were higher in Punjab in year 2007-08 and in KP year 2018-19 while lowest mean educational expenditures in Baluchistan in both years of analysis. In case of region of the households, the highest mean educational expenditure found in urban area of year 2007-08 and year 2018-19. Further, in both years of analysis, the mean educational expenditures among the female-headed household were higher relative to male household heads in Pakistan. The second analysis was Percentage Growth Rate Analysis (PGRA) to estimate the percentage growth in educational expenditures based on province, region and gender of the head. The results of PGRA highlights that the highest growth in educational expenditures were found in Baluchistan province and the number of KP was second in this regard. Additionally, based on the regional location of the household head, the percentage growth in rural households were higher as compared to urban ones. The results of PGRA in case of gender of the head shows that there was no significance difference in the growth of mean educational expenditures among male and female household heads. It is suggested that federal, provincial and local government plays there role in terms of increases in the percentage of educational budget