THE GLOBALIZATION TEST: CAN ISLAMIC PRINCIPLES OF PLURALISM UNITE A DIVIDED WORLD?

Abstract

In an increasingly interconnected yet fragmented world, globalization has intensified encounters between diverse cultures, religions and ideologies—often exposing deep civilizational divides. This research explores whether Islamic principles of pluralism, rooted in the Qur'an, Sunnah and classical jurisprudence, can offer a viable framework for global coexistence and unity. Pluralism, in this study, is defined as the recognition and acceptance of religious and cultural diversity within a just and ethical framework. The research question centers on whether faith-based values from Islam can actively contribute to bridging sociopolitical and ideological rifts in the globalized order. The study employs a qualitative methodology grounded in textual analysis and comparative inquiry. Primary Islamic sources Qur'anic verses (e.g., Surah Al-Hujurat 49:13, Surah Al-Baqarah 2:256), Hadith literature and interpretations from classical and modern scholars are examined alongside theories of pluralism in political philosophy and global ethics. Case studies of interfaith initiatives and legal frameworks from Muslim-majority societies are also analyzed to assess practical applicability. The research reveals that Islamic pluralism embodied in principles such as mutual recognition (ta‘āruf), non-compulsion in religion (lā ikrāh fī al-dīn), and justice (‘adl) not only supports religious coexistence but can serve as a constructive model for global harmony. However, realizing its full potential requires reinterpretation considering modern human rights discourse and political realities. The study concludes by proposing pathways for integrating Islamic pluralistic thought into global peacebuilding efforts.